How the United States turned the world economy into a battlefieldThe illusion of knowledge can lead to overconfidence in our understanding of complex topics like sanctions and economic warfare.
Recognizing Strong Evidence Where Others Do NotLikelihood neglect bias affects accurate judgment, particularly in probability scenarios like the Monty Hall problem.
5 Ways Your Trusted Memory Is Tricking YouMemory is not as reliable as we think; up to 50% can be inaccurate due to selective recall.
How overconfidence can sabotage your career and your companyOverconfidence significantly contributes to the high failure rate of acquisitions and strategic misjudgments in business.
Athlete vs. grandmaster: The psychology of decision-makingThe partnership between Kahneman and Tversky revolutionized behavioral economics by highlighting cognitive biases in decision-making processes.
How to Find the Truth Where Others CannotCognitive biases impede our ability to form accurate judgments, exemplified by a new bias called likelihood neglect.The Monty Hall problem illustrates likelihood neglect bias and its impacts on decision-making.
Why don't they spend (enough) on research?Models simplify user understanding, but reliance on one opinion can lead to poor decisions.
Recognizing Strong Evidence Where Others Do NotLikelihood neglect bias affects accurate judgment, particularly in probability scenarios like the Monty Hall problem.
5 Ways Your Trusted Memory Is Tricking YouMemory is not as reliable as we think; up to 50% can be inaccurate due to selective recall.
How overconfidence can sabotage your career and your companyOverconfidence significantly contributes to the high failure rate of acquisitions and strategic misjudgments in business.
Athlete vs. grandmaster: The psychology of decision-makingThe partnership between Kahneman and Tversky revolutionized behavioral economics by highlighting cognitive biases in decision-making processes.
How to Find the Truth Where Others CannotCognitive biases impede our ability to form accurate judgments, exemplified by a new bias called likelihood neglect.The Monty Hall problem illustrates likelihood neglect bias and its impacts on decision-making.
Why don't they spend (enough) on research?Models simplify user understanding, but reliance on one opinion can lead to poor decisions.
Illusory Social ConsensusWe often overestimate others' agreement due to the False Consensus Effect, especially influenced by repeated claims.
Coincidence or Fate? It Depends on Your MoodSeeing connections in random events can reflect creativity and a way to cope with stress, particularly influenced by one's mood.
How the False Consensus Effect Warps Our Online RealityThe false consensus effect leads individuals to overestimate the commonality of their views, especially on social media.
Friday the 13th: Why are we so superstitious?Superstitions like mismatched socks can create perceived good luck, illustrating how irrational beliefs form in our minds.
Optimism Bias In Psychology: Is Over Optimism Good For Wellbeing?Excessive optimism can lead to unrealistic expectations and poor decision making, known as optimism bias.
Declinism Bias: What You Need to Know About This Cognitive BiasDeclinism causes individuals to romanticize the past while viewing the present and future negatively, impacting mental well-being.
Illusory Social ConsensusWe often overestimate others' agreement due to the False Consensus Effect, especially influenced by repeated claims.
Coincidence or Fate? It Depends on Your MoodSeeing connections in random events can reflect creativity and a way to cope with stress, particularly influenced by one's mood.
How the False Consensus Effect Warps Our Online RealityThe false consensus effect leads individuals to overestimate the commonality of their views, especially on social media.
Friday the 13th: Why are we so superstitious?Superstitions like mismatched socks can create perceived good luck, illustrating how irrational beliefs form in our minds.
Optimism Bias In Psychology: Is Over Optimism Good For Wellbeing?Excessive optimism can lead to unrealistic expectations and poor decision making, known as optimism bias.
Declinism Bias: What You Need to Know About This Cognitive BiasDeclinism causes individuals to romanticize the past while viewing the present and future negatively, impacting mental well-being.
Why Are We Captivated by Bad News?Negative news-driven media creates psychological distortions affecting public discourse, anxiety, and trust.
Your Personal March Madness PreviewEmbracing optimistic thinking can challenge past experiences during unpredictable events like March Madness.
Which Knot Is Stronger? Humans Aren't Great JudgesPeople are surprisingly inaccurate at judging knot strength, highlighting a gap in intuitive physics skills.
How to disrupt misinformation with the "ladder of misinference"Misinformation is an ancient issue, amplified by social media and decision fatigue, with everyone being susceptible under certain conditions.
Cartoon: Tall Tales and Short ThinkingSocial media profits from promoting negativity and disinformation, which leads to societal gullibility.
Why You Should Never Eat Bananas on a WednesdayExercise your rational abilities to critically evaluate claims.Always question so-called "facts," especially in social media contexts.No research is perfect; awareness of bias is crucial.
How to disrupt misinformation with the "ladder of misinference"Misinformation is an ancient issue, amplified by social media and decision fatigue, with everyone being susceptible under certain conditions.
Cartoon: Tall Tales and Short ThinkingSocial media profits from promoting negativity and disinformation, which leads to societal gullibility.
Why You Should Never Eat Bananas on a WednesdayExercise your rational abilities to critically evaluate claims.Always question so-called "facts," especially in social media contexts.No research is perfect; awareness of bias is crucial.
Seeing is More Than BelievingOur perception of reality is influenced by cognitive biases rather than being a direct observation.Past experiences and emotions can distort what we perceive, affecting our understanding of the present.
How to step out of your inner monologue and understand the world betterHuman beings are often divided by polarizing viewpoints due to our brain's categorization of people, leading to reduced empathy and dehumanization.
Seeing is More Than BelievingOur perception of reality is influenced by cognitive biases rather than being a direct observation.Past experiences and emotions can distort what we perceive, affecting our understanding of the present.
How to step out of your inner monologue and understand the world betterHuman beings are often divided by polarizing viewpoints due to our brain's categorization of people, leading to reduced empathy and dehumanization.
Philosophy of Fun: Don't Steal Turns in D&DFun in tabletop role-playing games is subjective and varies among players, leading to potential misunderstandings.
How cognitive biases influence email A/B tests | MarTechCognitive biases can lead to flawed A/B testing in email marketing if not recognized and managed.
Leveraging the recency effect in UI design - LogRocket BlogThe recency effect enhances memorability and impacts both marketing strategies and UX design principles.
How cognitive biases influence email A/B tests | MarTechCognitive biases can lead to flawed A/B testing in email marketing if not recognized and managed.
Leveraging the recency effect in UI design - LogRocket BlogThe recency effect enhances memorability and impacts both marketing strategies and UX design principles.
Study finds spike in ADHD cases on Halloween - Harvard GazetteADHD diagnosis rates spike on Halloween, reflecting the impact of cognitive biases and environmental influences in medical assessments.
A World in Decline? Things Were Better in the Good Old DaysDeclinism reflects a belief that the past was better, often fueled by nostalgia and negative perceptions of current events.
Savoring the Past: Why Memories Outshine Real-Time JoyAnticipation and nostalgia often bring more joy than the experiences themselves.Cognitive biases smooth out negatives in memories, making the past seem rosier.Social media and stress distract us, reducing our ability to enjoy the present.Mindfulness and embracing imperfection help us savor moments as they happen.
A World in Decline? Things Were Better in the Good Old DaysDeclinism reflects a belief that the past was better, often fueled by nostalgia and negative perceptions of current events.
Savoring the Past: Why Memories Outshine Real-Time JoyAnticipation and nostalgia often bring more joy than the experiences themselves.Cognitive biases smooth out negatives in memories, making the past seem rosier.Social media and stress distract us, reducing our ability to enjoy the present.Mindfulness and embracing imperfection help us savor moments as they happen.
Why Do Bad Things Seem to Happen in Clusters?Understanding cognitive biases helps explain how we perceive clusters of misfortune.Stress negatively impacts decision-making, potentially exacerbating difficulties.Reframing adversity is a key strategy for overcoming repeated challenges.
How Defensive Pessimism Complicates Managing AnxietyAnxiety distorts perceptions, reinforcing negative beliefs and interpretations.Stubbornness in beliefs complicates understanding of mental illness.Anxiety can lead to a heightened sense of danger and skew perceptions.
3 Thinking Errors That Make Life Harder Than NecessaryMany hardships in life stem from self-inflicted thinking errors that limit success and happiness.Thinking errors, including linear thought patterns, can restrict one's opportunities for greater achievements.
The Psychology Behind Why You Feel the Zeigarnik EffectThe Zeigarnik Effect explains our tendency to obsess over unfinished tasks, impacting mental well-being.
Why Do Bad Things Seem to Happen in Clusters?Understanding cognitive biases helps explain how we perceive clusters of misfortune.Stress negatively impacts decision-making, potentially exacerbating difficulties.Reframing adversity is a key strategy for overcoming repeated challenges.
How Defensive Pessimism Complicates Managing AnxietyAnxiety distorts perceptions, reinforcing negative beliefs and interpretations.Stubbornness in beliefs complicates understanding of mental illness.Anxiety can lead to a heightened sense of danger and skew perceptions.
3 Thinking Errors That Make Life Harder Than NecessaryMany hardships in life stem from self-inflicted thinking errors that limit success and happiness.Thinking errors, including linear thought patterns, can restrict one's opportunities for greater achievements.
The Psychology Behind Why You Feel the Zeigarnik EffectThe Zeigarnik Effect explains our tendency to obsess over unfinished tasks, impacting mental well-being.
Why Do We Believe?Beliefs are often shaped more by intuition and trust than by objective evidence, leading to fallible conclusions.
To create more accessible outcomes, we need better design toolsTools influence creativity; understanding their biases is essential to freeing oneself from limitations.
Can Our Tribal Instincts Save Us?Tribalism affects all political sides and fosters psychological biases and well-being.Tribal tendencies may enhance resilience but also risk vulnerability in contemporary society.
TribalismAmerican political tribalism often supersedes individual values, reflecting a loyalty to group identity over principles.
Can Our Tribal Instincts Save Us?Tribalism affects all political sides and fosters psychological biases and well-being.Tribal tendencies may enhance resilience but also risk vulnerability in contemporary society.
TribalismAmerican political tribalism often supersedes individual values, reflecting a loyalty to group identity over principles.
Free Google Sheets Timesheet Templates for Easy TrackingTimesheets can significantly enhance productivity by offering precise time tracking and insights.
What if you're wrong? How to design for uncertaintyHuman behavior is unpredictable, making it difficult for even experts to accurately forecast market trends.
How do you spot a liar? Scientists say it's trickier than you might thinkEssential advancements in lie detection technology stem from historical perspectives, highlighting biases and the importance of comprehensive validation.
10 Rules for Post-Election ConversationsEffective communication across political divides is possible by understanding and countering cognitive biases.
At the Grocery Store, Blinded by the Light of the Health Halo'The health halo effect leads consumers to misjudge the overall healthiness of food products based on single positive marketing claims.
Goodbye, Git-Centricity: Getting to Green in an AI-Powered World - DevOps.comThe streetlight effect in software development leads teams to focus on internal code changes, neglecting external dependencies and their impact.
How to Snatch A Successful Startup: Don't Hunt New Ideas | HackerNoonStartup building has evolved into a replicable science rather than a mere entrepreneurial dream.Success depends more on timing and market conditions than just creative ideas.
The Power of UnlearningUnlearning outdated beliefs is essential for adapting to rapid changes in technology and society.
Crime: Perception & RealityDespite a decline in crime rates since the 1990s, most Americans believe crime is increasing due to cognitive biases shaped by media exposure.
Master Thinkers: 5 Habits That They Have | HackerNoonCritical thinking is an essential yet underutilized skill that contributes to personal and professional success.
Crime: Perception & RealityDespite a decline in crime rates since the 1990s, most Americans believe crime is increasing due to cognitive biases shaped by media exposure.
Master Thinkers: 5 Habits That They Have | HackerNoonCritical thinking is an essential yet underutilized skill that contributes to personal and professional success.
Outside the Forensic Box: A Tale of Lies and LemmingsCognitive misinterpretations and false beliefs distort evidence in court and beyond, impacting investigations significantly.
How will Aaron Judge's 2024 season be remembered?Aaron Judge's 2024 season statistics are strong, but perceptions shaped by memorable records, like 62 home runs in 2022, may define his legacy.
Did you solve it? The poker puzzle that has everyone fooledThe circumference of a pint glass is often unintuitively longer than the height.Understanding poker hand rankings is crucial to determining the winning hand.
The Dunning-Kruger Effect Shows that People Don't Know What They Don't KnowThe Dunning-Kruger effect explains overestimation of knowledge in those with limited expertise.The effect has become a popular meme and is invoked in various discussions and debates.
The availability heuristicThe availability heuristic can skew UX design decisions by prioritizing recent feedback over a comprehensive analysis of all user insights.
How cognitive biases influence email A/B tests | MarTechCognitive biases can lead to flawed A/B testing in email marketing if not recognized and managed.
Leveraging the recency effect in UI design - LogRocket BlogThe recency effect enhances memorability and impacts both marketing strategies and UX design principles.
How cognitive biases influence email A/B tests | MarTechCognitive biases can lead to flawed A/B testing in email marketing if not recognized and managed.
Leveraging the recency effect in UI design - LogRocket BlogThe recency effect enhances memorability and impacts both marketing strategies and UX design principles.
Recognizing Strong Evidence Where Others Do NotLikelihood neglect bias affects accurate judgment, particularly in probability scenarios like the Monty Hall problem.
5 Ways Your Trusted Memory Is Tricking YouMemory is not as reliable as we think; up to 50% can be inaccurate due to selective recall.
How overconfidence can sabotage your career and your companyOverconfidence significantly contributes to the high failure rate of acquisitions and strategic misjudgments in business.
Athlete vs. grandmaster: The psychology of decision-makingThe partnership between Kahneman and Tversky revolutionized behavioral economics by highlighting cognitive biases in decision-making processes.
How to Find the Truth Where Others CannotCognitive biases impede our ability to form accurate judgments, exemplified by a new bias called likelihood neglect.The Monty Hall problem illustrates likelihood neglect bias and its impacts on decision-making.
Why don't they spend (enough) on research?Models simplify user understanding, but reliance on one opinion can lead to poor decisions.
Recognizing Strong Evidence Where Others Do NotLikelihood neglect bias affects accurate judgment, particularly in probability scenarios like the Monty Hall problem.
5 Ways Your Trusted Memory Is Tricking YouMemory is not as reliable as we think; up to 50% can be inaccurate due to selective recall.
How overconfidence can sabotage your career and your companyOverconfidence significantly contributes to the high failure rate of acquisitions and strategic misjudgments in business.
Athlete vs. grandmaster: The psychology of decision-makingThe partnership between Kahneman and Tversky revolutionized behavioral economics by highlighting cognitive biases in decision-making processes.
How to Find the Truth Where Others CannotCognitive biases impede our ability to form accurate judgments, exemplified by a new bias called likelihood neglect.The Monty Hall problem illustrates likelihood neglect bias and its impacts on decision-making.
Why don't they spend (enough) on research?Models simplify user understanding, but reliance on one opinion can lead to poor decisions.
Illusory Social ConsensusWe often overestimate others' agreement due to the False Consensus Effect, especially influenced by repeated claims.
Coincidence or Fate? It Depends on Your MoodSeeing connections in random events can reflect creativity and a way to cope with stress, particularly influenced by one's mood.
How the False Consensus Effect Warps Our Online RealityThe false consensus effect leads individuals to overestimate the commonality of their views, especially on social media.
Friday the 13th: Why are we so superstitious?Superstitions like mismatched socks can create perceived good luck, illustrating how irrational beliefs form in our minds.
Optimism Bias In Psychology: Is Over Optimism Good For Wellbeing?Excessive optimism can lead to unrealistic expectations and poor decision making, known as optimism bias.
Declinism Bias: What You Need to Know About This Cognitive BiasDeclinism causes individuals to romanticize the past while viewing the present and future negatively, impacting mental well-being.
Illusory Social ConsensusWe often overestimate others' agreement due to the False Consensus Effect, especially influenced by repeated claims.
Coincidence or Fate? It Depends on Your MoodSeeing connections in random events can reflect creativity and a way to cope with stress, particularly influenced by one's mood.
How the False Consensus Effect Warps Our Online RealityThe false consensus effect leads individuals to overestimate the commonality of their views, especially on social media.
Friday the 13th: Why are we so superstitious?Superstitions like mismatched socks can create perceived good luck, illustrating how irrational beliefs form in our minds.
Optimism Bias In Psychology: Is Over Optimism Good For Wellbeing?Excessive optimism can lead to unrealistic expectations and poor decision making, known as optimism bias.
Declinism Bias: What You Need to Know About This Cognitive BiasDeclinism causes individuals to romanticize the past while viewing the present and future negatively, impacting mental well-being.
Why Are We Captivated by Bad News?Negative news-driven media creates psychological distortions affecting public discourse, anxiety, and trust.
Can Our Tribal Instincts Save Us?Tribalism affects all political sides and fosters psychological biases and well-being.Tribal tendencies may enhance resilience but also risk vulnerability in contemporary society.
TribalismAmerican political tribalism often supersedes individual values, reflecting a loyalty to group identity over principles.
Can Our Tribal Instincts Save Us?Tribalism affects all political sides and fosters psychological biases and well-being.Tribal tendencies may enhance resilience but also risk vulnerability in contemporary society.
TribalismAmerican political tribalism often supersedes individual values, reflecting a loyalty to group identity over principles.
Your Personal March Madness PreviewEmbracing optimistic thinking can challenge past experiences during unpredictable events like March Madness.
Which Knot Is Stronger? Humans Aren't Great JudgesPeople are surprisingly inaccurate at judging knot strength, highlighting a gap in intuitive physics skills.
How to disrupt misinformation with the "ladder of misinference"Misinformation is an ancient issue, amplified by social media and decision fatigue, with everyone being susceptible under certain conditions.
Cartoon: Tall Tales and Short ThinkingSocial media profits from promoting negativity and disinformation, which leads to societal gullibility.
Why You Should Never Eat Bananas on a WednesdayExercise your rational abilities to critically evaluate claims.Always question so-called "facts," especially in social media contexts.No research is perfect; awareness of bias is crucial.
How to disrupt misinformation with the "ladder of misinference"Misinformation is an ancient issue, amplified by social media and decision fatigue, with everyone being susceptible under certain conditions.
Cartoon: Tall Tales and Short ThinkingSocial media profits from promoting negativity and disinformation, which leads to societal gullibility.
Why You Should Never Eat Bananas on a WednesdayExercise your rational abilities to critically evaluate claims.Always question so-called "facts," especially in social media contexts.No research is perfect; awareness of bias is crucial.
Seeing is More Than BelievingOur perception of reality is influenced by cognitive biases rather than being a direct observation.Past experiences and emotions can distort what we perceive, affecting our understanding of the present.
How to step out of your inner monologue and understand the world betterHuman beings are often divided by polarizing viewpoints due to our brain's categorization of people, leading to reduced empathy and dehumanization.
Seeing is More Than BelievingOur perception of reality is influenced by cognitive biases rather than being a direct observation.Past experiences and emotions can distort what we perceive, affecting our understanding of the present.
How to step out of your inner monologue and understand the world betterHuman beings are often divided by polarizing viewpoints due to our brain's categorization of people, leading to reduced empathy and dehumanization.
Philosophy of Fun: Don't Steal Turns in D&DFun in tabletop role-playing games is subjective and varies among players, leading to potential misunderstandings.
How the United States turned the world economy into a battlefieldThe illusion of knowledge can lead to overconfidence in our understanding of complex topics like sanctions and economic warfare.
Study finds spike in ADHD cases on Halloween - Harvard GazetteADHD diagnosis rates spike on Halloween, reflecting the impact of cognitive biases and environmental influences in medical assessments.
Free Google Sheets Timesheet Templates for Easy TrackingTimesheets can significantly enhance productivity by offering precise time tracking and insights.
10 Rules for Post-Election ConversationsEffective communication across political divides is possible by understanding and countering cognitive biases.
Why Do Bad Things Seem to Happen in Clusters?Understanding cognitive biases helps explain how we perceive clusters of misfortune.Stress negatively impacts decision-making, potentially exacerbating difficulties.Reframing adversity is a key strategy for overcoming repeated challenges.
How Defensive Pessimism Complicates Managing AnxietyAnxiety distorts perceptions, reinforcing negative beliefs and interpretations.Stubbornness in beliefs complicates understanding of mental illness.Anxiety can lead to a heightened sense of danger and skew perceptions.
3 Thinking Errors That Make Life Harder Than NecessaryMany hardships in life stem from self-inflicted thinking errors that limit success and happiness.Thinking errors, including linear thought patterns, can restrict one's opportunities for greater achievements.
The Psychology Behind Why You Feel the Zeigarnik EffectThe Zeigarnik Effect explains our tendency to obsess over unfinished tasks, impacting mental well-being.
Why Do Bad Things Seem to Happen in Clusters?Understanding cognitive biases helps explain how we perceive clusters of misfortune.Stress negatively impacts decision-making, potentially exacerbating difficulties.Reframing adversity is a key strategy for overcoming repeated challenges.
How Defensive Pessimism Complicates Managing AnxietyAnxiety distorts perceptions, reinforcing negative beliefs and interpretations.Stubbornness in beliefs complicates understanding of mental illness.Anxiety can lead to a heightened sense of danger and skew perceptions.
3 Thinking Errors That Make Life Harder Than NecessaryMany hardships in life stem from self-inflicted thinking errors that limit success and happiness.Thinking errors, including linear thought patterns, can restrict one's opportunities for greater achievements.
The Psychology Behind Why You Feel the Zeigarnik EffectThe Zeigarnik Effect explains our tendency to obsess over unfinished tasks, impacting mental well-being.
Why Do We Believe?Beliefs are often shaped more by intuition and trust than by objective evidence, leading to fallible conclusions.
To create more accessible outcomes, we need better design toolsTools influence creativity; understanding their biases is essential to freeing oneself from limitations.
What if you're wrong? How to design for uncertaintyHuman behavior is unpredictable, making it difficult for even experts to accurately forecast market trends.
Crime: Perception & RealityDespite a decline in crime rates since the 1990s, most Americans believe crime is increasing due to cognitive biases shaped by media exposure.
Master Thinkers: 5 Habits That They Have | HackerNoonCritical thinking is an essential yet underutilized skill that contributes to personal and professional success.
Crime: Perception & RealityDespite a decline in crime rates since the 1990s, most Americans believe crime is increasing due to cognitive biases shaped by media exposure.
Master Thinkers: 5 Habits That They Have | HackerNoonCritical thinking is an essential yet underutilized skill that contributes to personal and professional success.
Goodbye, Git-Centricity: Getting to Green in an AI-Powered World - DevOps.comThe streetlight effect in software development leads teams to focus on internal code changes, neglecting external dependencies and their impact.
A World in Decline? Things Were Better in the Good Old DaysDeclinism reflects a belief that the past was better, often fueled by nostalgia and negative perceptions of current events.
Savoring the Past: Why Memories Outshine Real-Time JoyAnticipation and nostalgia often bring more joy than the experiences themselves.Cognitive biases smooth out negatives in memories, making the past seem rosier.Social media and stress distract us, reducing our ability to enjoy the present.Mindfulness and embracing imperfection help us savor moments as they happen.
A World in Decline? Things Were Better in the Good Old DaysDeclinism reflects a belief that the past was better, often fueled by nostalgia and negative perceptions of current events.
Savoring the Past: Why Memories Outshine Real-Time JoyAnticipation and nostalgia often bring more joy than the experiences themselves.Cognitive biases smooth out negatives in memories, making the past seem rosier.Social media and stress distract us, reducing our ability to enjoy the present.Mindfulness and embracing imperfection help us savor moments as they happen.
At the Grocery Store, Blinded by the Light of the Health Halo'The health halo effect leads consumers to misjudge the overall healthiness of food products based on single positive marketing claims.
How do you spot a liar? Scientists say it's trickier than you might thinkEssential advancements in lie detection technology stem from historical perspectives, highlighting biases and the importance of comprehensive validation.
Outside the Forensic Box: A Tale of Lies and LemmingsCognitive misinterpretations and false beliefs distort evidence in court and beyond, impacting investigations significantly.
How to Snatch A Successful Startup: Don't Hunt New Ideas | HackerNoonStartup building has evolved into a replicable science rather than a mere entrepreneurial dream.Success depends more on timing and market conditions than just creative ideas.
The availability heuristicThe availability heuristic can skew UX design decisions by prioritizing recent feedback over a comprehensive analysis of all user insights.
How will Aaron Judge's 2024 season be remembered?Aaron Judge's 2024 season statistics are strong, but perceptions shaped by memorable records, like 62 home runs in 2022, may define his legacy.
The Power of UnlearningUnlearning outdated beliefs is essential for adapting to rapid changes in technology and society.
Did you solve it? The poker puzzle that has everyone fooledThe circumference of a pint glass is often unintuitively longer than the height.Understanding poker hand rankings is crucial to determining the winning hand.
The Dunning-Kruger Effect Shows that People Don't Know What They Don't KnowThe Dunning-Kruger effect explains overestimation of knowledge in those with limited expertise.The effect has become a popular meme and is invoked in various discussions and debates.