Animals like fruit flies, fish, and mollusks might experience pain and pleasure, extending the idea of consciousness beyond vertebrates to invertebrates. [ more ]
Consciousness Is a Continuum, and Scientists Are Starting to Measure It
Measuring and assessing consciousness is still a mystery, and it is challenging to study transitions in conscious states without interrupting them.
Anesthesiologists are using a simple approach called the breathe-squeeze method to study changes in consciousness without interrupting the shifts. [ more ]