The article explores panpsychism and its variant, panprotopsychism, which proposes that all matter has proto-mental properties, serving as precursors to consciousness. Ray Kurzweil supports this idea, suggesting that consciousness can emerge from complex information processing. However, both theories suffer from significant flaws, including insufficient evidence for the existence of these proto-mental properties and the absence of explanations on how simple consciousness could intricately contribute to the complex consciousness exhibited by humans and animals. Therefore, panprotopsychism is ultimately critiqued for sharing panpsychismâs foundational weaknesses.
Problems arise when considering panprotopsychism as it faces the same evidential deficiencies as panpsychism, lacking proof for proto-mental properties and their role in consciousness.
Kurzweil's endorsement of panprotopsychism hinges on the idea that consciousness is a fundamental force, implying that more complex informational processes can lead to conscious experiences.
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