History

History

Although the history of ancient Macedonia is largely male-dominated, it is evident that the Macedonian royal women began to appear in remarkable public positions at least since the late 5th century BCE. Eurydice I, the first of these women, serves as a classical model for subsequent Hellenistic queens, who were able to exercise varying degrees of power, autonomy, and authority. Notably, several of these figures happened to be Eurydice's successors and descendants in the House of Argead, including Olympias, Cynane, Adea-Eurydice, Thessalonike of Macedon, and Cleopatra of Macedon.

The research traces how dozens of prized white falcons appeared at the court of the caliphs in Baghdad during the late 800s and early 900s. According to the authors, many of these birds were likely gyrfalcons captured in Scandinavia and Iceland before being transported thousands of kilometres south through Viking and Rus' trade routes.

One of them is the New York Historical's Old Masters, New Amsterdam (until 30 August). One of several America 250 shows at the museum this year, it is drawn entirely from the Leiden Collection-philanthropist Thomas Kaplan's self-described "lending library" of 17th-century Netherlandish masterpieces (which is also set to be offered for fractional ownership).

Hyder became the Sul­tan of Mysore in the sev­en­teen-six­ties: "a dan­ger­ous time to come to pow­er in South Asia," writes Blake Smith at Aeon, giv­en that "the British East India Com­pa­ny was expand­ing its pow­er through­out the Sub­con­ti­nent." Ally­ing with France, much like the rebelling Amer­i­can colonists, Hyder "held off the British advance for anoth­er two decades, dying in 1782, just a year before the US tri­umphed in its own rebel­lion against Britain."

Bran Castle, Romania, an attraction for tourists as the home of the fictional character "Dracula." KONTROLAB (KONTROLAB/LightRocket via Getty ) The U.S. businessman Joel Weinshanker, the chief administrator of Elvis Presley's rights and properties, has purchased a majority stake in the company that operates Bran Castle popularly associated with "Dracula."

A corrupt horse rises from a stable to the royal palace, winning the admiration of kings, clergy, and courtiers alike. Sonja Maurer-Dass tells us about Le Roman de Fauvel, one of the sharpest political satires of the Middle Ages, exposing the greed, ambition, and moral decay they saw in fourteenth-century France.

The worse part for our family, the leading cause of generational trauma, has been the myths that still exist today. William Harrison, a US soldier who was hanged for the 1944 murder of Patricia Wylie. Photograph: Military archives The result is a yet-to-be published book, titled Never Speak of Rope, and a new understanding of the murder and its consequences.

We are lucky to know anything at all about the Ubykh language. In the 1800s, tens of thousands of people spoke it on the Black Sea coast. When Russia conquered the region, the Ubykhs resisted until they were forced into exile in the Ottoman empire. Transported thousands of miles by a traumatised community now scattered across Turkey, Ubykh survived until 1992 when its last fluent speaker died.

A recent report has warned that the river could disappear by 2040 due to declining water levels and droughts driven by climate change. Satellite data have shown that the Euphrates basin has lost more than 34 cubic miles of freshwater since 2003, roughly 13 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, highlighting the scale of the decline.

Out of more than 200 brick-built burials discovered in the area of the ancient city's northern necropolis over the years, only two have been discovered intact and unlooted. The city market area is known to have bordered the necropolis, so a preventative excavation was ordered before construction. This spring, archaeologists have unearthed 44 graves, but last Tuesday they found the first one that had not been looted in antiquity.

Atlantic piracy had reached its peak, blockading the port of Charleston and choking off trade routes from the Caribbean to Long Island. Trade collapsed. The money supply collapsed. The economy followed. It's the kind of cause-and-effect that doesn't fit neatly into any business-cycle theory.

For over a century, the United States military has been dropping propaganda leaflets in deliberate psychological operations, or psyops, to achieve success in war. But the key question behind the effort remains unanswered: does it even work? In 1918, the US released more than 3m leaflets behind enemy lines by plane and hydrogen balloon. To their delight, they found the leaflets helped erode morale and unit cohesion among the Germans in the first world war. Or so the story goes.

Looking for new medieval research without hitting a paywall? Here are ten open-access articles published in April 2026 that explore everything from medieval trade and kingship to archaeology and smells. In total, we found more than 70 open-access articles on medieval studies published last month. Our Patreon supporters can access the full list, featuring research on literature, religion, warfare, manuscripts, and much more.

Excavation of a high-quality 2nd century mosaic in Tokat, nothern Turkey, that was seized by authorities last year after looters live-streamed themselves illegally excavating it, has revealed a finely-detailed figure that some are comparing to the iconic Gypsy Girl mosaic in Zeugma. The mosaic was discovered in the courtyard of a vineyard house. Police raided the site last May after receiving a tipoff to the looting activity that had been so stupidly but so helpfully posted on the internet.

For hundreds of years, he was known only as Jersey, an enslaved boy of about 11 rendered in oil on canvas by the great 18th-century portrait painter Sir Joshua Reynolds. But now the life of the youngster, believed to be Reynolds' earliest depiction of a person of colour, has begun to emerge, thanks to a research project. Details found in admiralty records and other archives have unearthed information about Jersey's identity, his military service and even hint he may eventually have found freedom.

“What a beautiful day, how many blessings the Lord wanted to give to all of us,” Leo told throngs of faithful inside the sanctuary before Mass. “I feel I am the first blessed to be able to come here to the sanctuary of the Madonna on the day of her feast and on this anniversary.”

The phallus was often linked to luck or fertility, and was believed to offer protection from evil spirits. A small charm like this one would likely have been worn on the belt or as jewellery, but larger symbols might be carved into walls or statues.

It gets darker and darker. Eventually, out of the gloom, the seabed appears-or, if you've done it right, the shipwreck appears. Mortimer, the leader of the British technical diving team Gasperados, was searching for the Tampa, a United States Coast Guard cutter that sank in 1918. A German submarine torpedoed the vessel, killing all 131 people on board-the largest single loss of life in American naval combat during World War I.

From the 1840s, an overland route for travellers and trade goods was organised across the isthmus of Suez. This was first developed by the British officer Lieutenant Waghorn. People and goods took a ship to Alexandria on the Mediterranean coast, disembarked and crossed down to Suez using river boats and animal transport like camels, and then boarded another ship on the Red Sea coast to continue their voyage.

Experts discovered a 20-carat gold dental bridge on a jaw belonging to an individual who lived around 500 years ago in Aberdeen. This represents the earliest known example of restorative dentistry in Scotland and appears to be the first evidence of gold used in the mouth in the UK.

Jesse Applegate's concise story, A Day With the Cow Column, gained mounting publicity as an account of an early-day experience coming to Oregon in 1843.

"I wanted to create an experience where players can truly 'live' inside the great river of history and learn about it from the inside out," says Akihiro Yoshizawa, the lead developer of the game.

Scandinavia's geography, with its indented coastline and many islands, made travel easiest by water, leading to early developments in shipbuilding and seafaring skills.

The murder of Thomas Becket inside Canterbury Cathedral shocked medieval England and quickly turned him into a saint, with miracles reported at his body almost immediately.

Gradel's disillusionment with academia was reinforced when he discovered that large-scale thefts had been taking place from the British Museum's collections.

The Salute to America 250 Task Force promises nationwide festivities, public-private partnerships, classroom materials, and civic rituals designed to ensure that, as Trump put it, 'our youth will be taught to love America with all of their heart and all of their soul.'

When he had been combed, dressed, and outfitted according to the demands of the day's program, his chaplain, a distinguished person and honourable priest, brought him his breviary and helped him to say his hours, according to the canonical day of the calendar.

The marble epitaph dedicated to Sextus Congenius Verus, a Roman sailor and military figure, was discovered in a New Orleans backyard by a couple clearing undergrowth.