The Mensheviks and Bolsheviks were two factions within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, leading to a split in 1903. Mensheviks, led by Julius Martov, favored a cautious, two-stage revolution, while Bolsheviks, under Vladimir Lenin, sought an immediate workers' revolution. The Mensheviks aligned with Karl Marx's theory of revolution in industrialized states, whereas Bolsheviks claimed that a two-stage approach was impractical. The Russian Revolution of 1917 led to Tsar Nicholas II's abdication and the rise of Lenin's government. The ongoing division within socialist circles left them unprepared for earlier revolutions, notably the spontaneous one in 1905.
The Mensheviks preferred a two-stage revolution led first by the bourgeoisie, then the workers, aligning more with Karl Marx's idea of revolution occurring in industrialized states.
The Bolsheviks advocated for an immediate workers' revolution by any means, claiming adherence to Marx's thoughts on the impracticality of a two-stage revolution.
The disloyalty of the army to Tsar Nicholas II facilitated the revolution in 1917, leading to his abdication and the rise of Lenin's new government.
Despite a successful workers' revolution, the lack of unity among socialists left them unprepared for the surprise Revolution of 1905.
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