I'm new here and fairly new to JavaScript, so please bear with me. I've been converting a working python program to JavaScript with varying degrees of success. It's a fairly simple 8x8 button panel that modifies the button text when toggled. So far that works. However, some of the buttons are in "groups" that work like a mechanical switch that clears the other buttons in the group when a new one is selected.
ECMAScript is a standard for several scripting languages, including JavaScript. Since 2015, a new version of the ECMAScript spec has been published annually. These versions-ES6, ES7, and ES8, respectively-don't deprecate any old syntax, so you'll be able to safely run legacy ES5 code in future web browsers or standalone JavaScript engines, but they also include lots of new syntax elements that make the process of writing JavaScript code more productive.
JSON ("JavaScript Object Notation") is a way of encoding data as text - e.g., in text files. Its syntax is a subset of JavaScript. In other words: Each piece of JSON data is valid JavaScript source code - it's an expression. This is an example of a text file with JSON data: The syntax of JSON # The syntax of JSON works as follows:
During its lifetime, JavaScript has had several names: During development, its name was Mocha. In the Netscape Navigator 2.0 betas (September 1995), it was called LiveScript. In Netscape Navigator 2.0 beta 3 (December 1995), it got its most common name, JavaScript. Why that name? JavaScript was going to be a glue language for components written in Java. The first standard for JavaScript was published in 1997, hosted by Ecma International (called ECMA at the time).
Promises have long been our go-to when working with asynchronous code in JavaScript. If you've used Promise.all() or Promise.race() to coordinate async operations, you know the patterns. But what if you're only interested in the first successful result, ignoring failures? That's exactly what Promise.any() does: it fulfills with the first resolved promise and ignores any that reject (unless all reject).
Loops are JavaScript statements that execute the same piece of code zero or more times. The most popular loop is for-of: The code block (in curly braces) that starts at the end of line A is called the body of the loop. This loop iterates over the array arr: First it assigns arr[0] to elem and runs the body. Then it assigns arr[1] to elem and runs the body. One execution of the body is called a loop iteration.
This time, we're going dynamic. In this final chapter, we're stepping into the world of interactivity by adding JavaScript into the mix. We'll start by generating the layers programmatically, giving us more flexibility and cleaner code (and we'll never have to copy-paste divs again). Then, we'll add some interaction. Starting with a simple :hover effect, and ending with a fully responsive bulging text that follows your mouse in real time. Let's go.
If you already know JavaScript, learning Python will feel easier because many core concepts are the same. Both languages use similar data types (strings, numbers, lists/arrays, objects/dictionaries), functions with default parameters, and control flow (loops, conditionals). The biggest differences are in syntax: Python relies on indentation instead of curly braces, uses keywords like def instead of function, and is generally more concise. Your JavaScript knowledge gives you a strong head start-you'll just need to adjust to Python's style and rules.
Internationalization involves more than just text translation; it encompasses formatting dates, pluralization, and sorting according to cultural expectations. The Intl API allows modern JavaScript to handle these tasks natively.
Generative AI platforms such as ChatGPT and Claude require websites to be crawlable by AI bots for effective mentions and citations. Disabling JavaScript improves crawlability, as many AI crawlers struggle with JavaScript rendering, which differs from Google’s capabilities. This means publishers must ensure essential content is accessible even without JavaScript. AI optimization tools like Aiso can evaluate and enhance a site's crawlability, providing suggestions for improvement. Site owners must also verify their robots.txt files to allow AI bot access, as many content management systems restrict bots by default.