The major insights about human nature are that humans are biologically and socially shaped, meaning-makers, motivated by needs and goals, capable of growth, inherently social, limited by cognitive biases, and contextually dynamic.
Essentialism is the belief that members of a category share an inherent and immutable essence or core that distinguishes them from non-members (Gelman, 2003). Most people, for example, believe that living things are fundamentally different from non-living things.