The keto diet increased cholesterol levels and apolipoprotein B, while the low-sugar diet significantly reduced LDL particle cholesterol. Keto diet altered gut microbiome by reducing beneficial Bifidobacteria, unlike sugar restriction.
Keto diet led to reduced glucose tolerance but resulted in average fat loss of 2.9 kg, while low-sugar diet led to 2.1kg fat loss. Keto diet also caused significant changes in lipid metabolism and muscle energy use.
Both sugar restriction and keto diets achieved fat loss without altering physical activity levels, distinct from previous findings of reduced activity with practices like intermittent fasting.
Dr. Aaron Hengist highlighted the concerning increase in small and medium LDL particles and apoB due to the keto diet, despite fat mass reduction.
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