A longitudinal study involving over 4,200 Brazilian children reveals that harsh parenting, characterized by aggressive and critical behaviors, significantly harms children's social and emotional development. It found that children raised by harsh parents struggled with emotional regulation, self-esteem, and peer relationships. Notably, 45% of participants were deemed moderately harsh and 5% very harsh, with the latter manifesting greater issues. These findings corroborate previous research in other regions, suggesting that intervention programs may help mitigate harsh parenting practices and promote healthier child development outcomes.
“As many as 45% of children in the study reported having moderately harsh parents, resulting in significant emotional and social challenges as they aged.”},{
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