In its countermotion asking the court to deny Google's request, the DOJ takes specific issue with Google's characterization of its industry witnesses as nothing more than competitors of Google. Yes, third-party ad exchanges such as Xandr (née AppNexus), Index Exchange, Magnite, Kargo and OpenX compete with Google's AdX - but they're also Google's customers. They use Google's DSP and its publisher ad server. "These exchanges make business decisions based in part on their reliance on Google, on both sides of the ad tech stack, to reach publishers and advertisers," the DOJ writes.
Google's argument is that "none of these third-party competitor witnesses has the proper foundation of knowledge, expert qualifications or done the required economic analysis to opine as to whether Google is a monopolist whose conduct harmed competition."
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