The experience of red wine headaches is likely as old as winemaking itself, with chemists exploring sulfites, biogenic amines, and tannins as possible culprits.
Though sulfites are often blamed for headaches, evidence shows they are unlikely to be the major cause, as many foods have similar or higher levels.
Biogenic amines do exist in wine, but their amounts are too low to be a significant issue for those experiencing red wine headaches.
Tannins are more prevalent in red wines compared to whites, leading some to suspect their role in headaches, but further research is required.
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