The US Surgeon General warns that the cancer risks associated with alcohol consumption now rival those posed by smoking and obesity, due to how alcohol is metabolized into potentially carcinogenic substances.
Individual differences in body size, sex, muscle-to-fat ratio, and genetics shape how alcohol is processed, complicating the establishment of universal guidelines regarding safe consumption levels.
Alcohol is absorbed and metabolized in the liver, with only 80-90% being processed there. Factors like hydration and the drinking speed can significantly influence this process.
Heavy drinking can vastly alter the time it takes to metabolize alcohol, with binge drinking requiring up to six or seven hours for the liver to process multiple drinks.
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