Before air-conditioning, early European colonists in the southern U.S. struggled to stay cool in summer. Enslaved Africans had adapted architectural techniques suitable for warm climates, leading to the development of the porch. Anthropologist James Deetz notes that porches are likely of African origin, evidenced by their presence in slave cabins from the 18th century. Additionally, shotgun homes, another architectural form adapted from West African designs, typically include porches, emphasizing strong cultural influences. These architectural styles flourished in the southern U.S. from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, shaped by their historical contexts and design needs.
Porches are probably of African origin... The earliest evidence that we have for porches to date were found on slave cabins excavated at Kingsmill Plantation.
Shotgun homes are an adaptation of West African residential architecture and almost always have a front porch, showcasing cultural influences.
Porches, verandas, porticoes, and other types of outdoor coverings have existed around the globe, yet the American porch evolved significantly through enslaved builders.
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