The intent of the requirement was not concealed: to block the ignorant Mexican vote. This was stated bluntly in a local newspaper editorial that strongly advocated for the passage of a measure in Arizona in 1909 that required taking an English literacy test to be eligible to vote.
Thus, for as long as records exist, Latinos have consistently been the group that votes in the lowest proportion. The difference is known as the Turnout Gap and behind it is not only an alleged political apathy or failed assimilation, but a long offensive to suppress the Latino vote.
Even the Voting Rights Act of 1965...did not end suppression. While the legislation, which ensured that anyone born or naturalized in the United States had the right to vote...it also benefited the growing Latino population.
The law included special provisions that applied to specific jurisdictions. The most relevant was preclearance, which applied to states with a history of voting discrimination.
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