Association is a relationship where objects of one class are linked to objects of another class, ranging from one-to-one to many-to-many, without ownership.
In one-to-many associations, such as between a Teacher and multiple Students, one teacher oversees several students, illustrating the versatility of associations.
Aggregation implies a whole-part relationship where the child can exist independently of the parent, as seen in Library and Book classes.
Composition indicates a strong relationship where the lifecycle of the child object is tied directly to the parent, like Rooms in a House.
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