A growing number of European countries have implemented language requirements for permanent residency and citizenship, influenced by rising nationalism. In 2024, a new law in France mandates language tests for certain residency cards, while Italy has also introduced language tests for naturalization through marriage. Language is increasingly perceived as a vital component of national identity, with a Pew Research Centre report indicating that many associate local language proficiency with true belonging. Views on language importance vary, notably by political affiliation and demographics, highlighting deeper societal divides on this issue.
According to a recent report by the Pew Research Centre, many people say that speaking the local language is what makes someone 'truly' belong in a country.
Carmen Silvestri, a linguist, states that this trend is not surprising given the rise of nationalist parties and ties language with national identity.
Dr. Silvestri argues that nationalism remains the foundation of the nation-state, highlighting language as the 'social glue' that binds citizens.
In Europe, Hungary has the largest share of respondents stating that speaking the local language is key for national identity, at 74 percent.
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