Soup is an extremely general term that encompasses any dish where liquid is the primary ingredient. Water, stock, and dairy can all serve as the liquid base, and the other ingredients in the soup are usually cooked in the liquid.
Part of the issue, similar to other confusing classifications like salumi and salami, is that each term encompasses different levels of specificity. That mushroom stew would never be called a chowder, but you might get away with calling it a soup.
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