Blockchain-based smart contracts expose contract states and instruction code to public scrutiny, raising privacy concerns. TEE-assisted smart contracts aim to protect these through Trusted Execution Environments. The article systematically categorizes existing systems into layer-one and layer-two solutions, creating an analytical framework for assessing properties, threat models, and security considerations. It identifies ideal functionalities while addressing fundamental design flaws prevalent in existing protocols. The findings provide guidance for developing more secure TEE-assisted smart contracts and establish a framework for evaluating future confidential contract systems.
Blockchain-based smart contracts lack privacy as their states and instruction codes are publicly visible. TEE-assisted solutions enhance privacy by utilizing Trusted Execution Environments.
This systematic study categorizes existing systems into layer-one and layer-two solutions, establishing an analytical framework capturing their properties, threat models, and security considerations.
The framework identifies ideal functionalities and uncovers fundamental flaws, providing crucial insights for avoiding known design mistakes and addressing challenges faced by TEE-assisted smart contracts.
The work serves as a guide for developing TEE-assisted smart contracts and establishes a framework to evaluate the effectiveness of future confidential contract systems.
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