This is the point where temporary soreness turns into chronic pain, where that dull, nagging ache becomes the new normal. It affects more than just your muscles. Your sleep suffers. Your energy drops. Over time, your brain circuits that process pain grow more sensitive, creating a vicious cycle that's hard to break. What determines whether you bounce back or break down? That's the question researchers at the State University of Campinas in Brazil set out to answer.
When a booster vaccine was administered in the same location as the initial dose, the mice's subcapsular sinus macrophages were already primed. They reactivated immune cells called memory B cells more quickly.