Scientists in the laboratory of Weiguo Cui, PhD, professor of Pathology in the Division of Experimental Pathology, have identified novel molecular mechanisms that help specialized T-cells maintain long-term immunity in response to chronic infection and cancer, according to recent findings published in Nature Immunology. Previous work from Cui's laboratory and others revealed that exhausted T-cells, or T-cells that have become dysfunctional after chronic antigen stimulation such as chronic infection and cancer, comprise different subgroups of T-cells.