"In his 1795 essay Towards Perpetual Peace, Immanuel Kant prophesied that the "spirit of commerce" would drive countries to unite in perpetual peace, not driven by morality, but profit. Since trade is incompatible with war, Kant thought, our self-interested nature would lead us to form a rule-based world-order. Two-hundred years later, globalization coincided with the development of the United Nations, the European Union, international human rights law, and other international institutions and treaties, from the World Health Organization to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change."
"Global trade and the Scientific Revolution, with the "slight help" of colonization, served to rapidly industrialize the Global North. Humanity would soon discover that fossil fuels-oil, coal, and natural gas-could multiply its economic productivity. In the process, we released tons of gases into the atmosphere, cranking the heat on our planet. Today, the temperature of the Earth has risen by 1.1-1.4 degrees Celsius above pre-Industrial levels."
Immanuel Kant predicted that commercial self-interest would foster a rule-based international order by making war incompatible with trade. Globalization brought institutions such as the United Nations, the European Union, international human rights law, the World Health Organization, and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Rapid industrialization in the Global North, aided by colonization and scientific advances, relied heavily on fossil fuels and released vast quantities of greenhouse gases. Global average temperatures have risen roughly 1.1–1.4°C above pre-industrial levels, producing more frequent, intense, and deadly droughts, wildfires, hurricanes, and floods. The commercial forces that enabled order now threaten it through climate change.
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