Butchers, bakers, candlestick-makers and prostitutes: The women working behind the scenes in papal Avignon
Briefly

The article explores the complex roles of women in the medieval church, where they were typically relegated to lives of enclosure and celibacy. While figures like Joan of Arc defied norms, historian Jennifer Thibodeaux highlights that many women were present in clerical households until celibacy was strictly enforced. Descriptions of women by male scholars portrayed them negatively, yet their contributions were critical to the functioning of the papal court, as evidenced by financial records from the Vatican Archives. This history reveals a nuanced perspective on women’s significance despite the church’s attitudes.
Women were undervalued yet vital to the medieval papal court, as the intricate finances of the Vatican demonstrated their essential contributions in various capacities.
Despite the church's ideals enforcing celibacy, many priests maintained wives and families, showcasing a more complex reality of women's roles in the medieval church.
Read at The Conversation
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