The Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions was the first journal to establish peer review, creating a vital process that has evolved over 200 years.
When peer review goes well, it is a system that allows authors to improve their communication; when it goes wrong, it can hinder the circulation of scientific knowledge.
The 1950s saw the Royal Society asking reviewers standardized questions, which sometimes led to brief reviews, such as Hodgkin’s 50-word critique on the DNA structure.
The newly unsealed historic reports offer insights into the evolution of peer review, showing both its strengths and the potential for bias or inefficiency.
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