In the Philippines, the practice of 'pamamalo' is deeply embedded in parenting, perceived by many as effective discipline, despite significant evidence of its harmful impacts.
UNICEF reports that about 20 million children in the Philippines have faced violent discipline, reflecting a widespread belief that physical punishment is necessary for education.
International commitments to ban corporal punishment exist, yet the persistence of 'pamamalo' shows a societal struggle to shift towards positive parenting methods.
The cycle of violence perpetuates as mothers, often victims of past abuses, continue to apply 'pamamalo,' ensuring its transmission through generations.
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