As Fukuyama famously stated, 'The triumph of the West, of the Western idea, is evident first of all in the total exhaustion of viable systematic alternatives to Western liberalism,' but the reality of the 21st century contradicts this notion as democracy faces ongoing challenges and declines.
The 1990s represented the apex of hubris regarding the dominance of liberal democracy, yet the new millennium has showcased an alarming trend of democratic decline, indicating that the earlier optimism may have been misplaced.
According to the V-Dem Institute, while the average level of democracy peaked in the early 2000s, the subsequent decline suggests that the optimism surrounding liberal democracy is faltering rather than universally realized.
New walls have risen in the 21st century, symbolizing not the triumph, but rather the fragility of democracy as authoritarianism resurfaces, countering the earlier predictions about the unassailable nature of liberal capitalist democracy.
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