"We didn't get anything," he says. So they tried a different approach, injecting fluorescent tracer substances into the cerebrospinal fluid and imaging the mice's skulls.
"So we got excited and also very puzzled—like, how does it even get there?" This led them to the opening—the end of the trigeminal nerve that was in open contact with the cerebrospinal fluid.
"But for us, what is most interesting is really the 11 other proteins that have not been described before," he says-as these could open the door for new treatments.
Mouse models are useful, but the size differences between species means caution is warranted, especially when translating findings to human pain mechanisms.
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