Nobel Prize in medicine awarded to 2 U.S. scientists who discovered microRNA, which regulates gene activity
Briefly

Their groundbreaking discovery revealed a completely new principle of gene regulation that turned out to be essential for multicellular organisms, including humans.
The seminal discovery of microRNA has introduced a new and unexpected mechanism of gene regulation. MicroRNAs are important for our understanding of embryological development, normal cell physiology and diseases such as cancer.
Read at Fortune
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