The Earth's atmospheric general circulation, which includes the Hadley circulation and mid-latitude jets, significantly impacts climate and extreme weather events. Research indicates a slowdown in overturning circulation, an expansion of the Hadley circulation, and shifting mid-latitude westerlies. Projections show a mean expansion rate of the Hadley cell at about 0.2° latitude per decade, albeit with considerable variation among climate models. Mixed results in expansion rates are attributed to different metrics and limitations in current datasets, leading to ongoing challenges in accurately measuring dynamical changes in the general circulation.
Earth's atmospheric general circulation plays a crucial role in regulating climate extremes, such as droughts and cyclones. This system includes components like the tropical meridional overturning circulation and westerlies.
Projections indicate a slowdown of the overturning circulation, poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation, and a shift of the mid-latitude westerlies, though these projections carry significant uncertainty.
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