China has made significant advancements in scientific research over the past two decades, now leading the 2025 Nature Index tables in high-quality natural-sciences research. Despite these achievements, challenges persist, such as a low rate of commercialization for university patents and reliance on imported technologies. Global dynamics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, trade protectionism, and US-China technological tensions, have underscored the need for China to strive for scientific self-reliance. Recent policy shifts encourage organized research focused on mission-driven science to tackle pressing national challenges.
China has surpassed the United States in producing high-quality natural-sciences research according to the 2025 Nature Index tables, showcasing rapid advancements in scientific research.
Chinese research faces challenges such as the low commercialization rate of university patents, which remains below 5%, compared to over 54% in the United States.
The reliance on imported technologies, particularly from the United States, highlights an innovation bottleneck, exacerbated by global trends and the need for technological independence.
China's new organized research model emphasizes mission-driven science and collaboration to drive breakthroughs in strategic areas like AI, renewable energy, and biomedicine.
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