Science

Science

Your stargazing experience can differ greatly based on where you are in the world. That's due in part to light pollution, which can drown out all but the brightest stars and satellites in densely populated areas. For truly unforgettable celestial views, you'll need to visit one of the darkest places in the U.S. on a clear night. DarkSky is an Arizona-based nonprofit with the mission "to restore the nighttime environment and protect communities and wildlife from light pollution."

This spectacular book of photographs of the Universe is dedicated to the late astronomer and broadcaster Patrick Moore, who introduced the authors to one another. Astrophysicist Derek Ward-Thompson, rock guitarist Brian May - who also holds a PhD in astrophysics - and astrophotographer J.-P. Metsävainio showcase some of the "billions of vast glowing islands in the immensity of what seems like infinite space and time". Several of the photos appear in adjacent pairs, visible in 3D with a stereo-focusing viewer.

Other storylines are also worth watching this year that didn't make the Top 20. Will SpaceX's Starship begin launching Starlink satellites? Will United Launch Alliance finally get its Vulcan rocket flying at a higher cadence? Will Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket be certified by the US Space Force? I'm looking forward to learning the answers to these questions, and more.

For many of us humans, old trees - gnarled oaks or towering redwoods - are sources of psychological comfort. As elders who have weathered earlier times of crisis, they signify continuity and resilience. Their rings bridge present and past and remind us that our "now" is only one of many. But for longer-distance time travel, we must seek out even more ancient ancestors. The ones with the longest memories, full of insights germane to our Anthropocene anxieties, are right here in our midst:

You may have a leg up on the child prodigies who made you feel inadequate as a school kid. Despite outliers like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a new analysis based on 19 studies involving 34,000 high achievers across multiple disciplines - including Nobel laureates, top chess players, Olympic champions, and elite musicians - found that individuals who achieved peak performance early in life were not always the same people to reach high success in adulthood.

I think the first thing to remember is: We are right at the beginning of this adventure. There's so much excitement that every little signal - every "wiggle" in a spectrum - gets people saying, "Oh! That might be life!" And then, on the other side, other people respond with, "I don't see enough wiggles, so there's probably not even an atmosphere. Dead planet. Move on." Both reactions are too fast.

Earthquakes usually strike without warning. But sometimes they come in clusters dozens or even hundreds of small quakes concentrated in one area over days or weeks. Geologists call these clusters earthquake swarms, and while they can be unsettling, scientists say they rarely signal that a major quake is imminent. Unlike the familiar pattern of a single large earthquake followed by aftershocks, swarms consist of many small quakes without a clear mainshock.

A global research team has analyzed the prospects for biomineralization on Mars, a process in which bacteria, fungi, and microalgae can create minerals as part of their metabolism, offering a byproduct that could be useful to prospective Martian explorers by providing the raw materials needed to produce aggregates such as concrete. With an extremely thin and mostly carbon dioxide atmosphere, air pressure less than 1 percent of Earth's,

Greenland sharks are a biological anomaly. The animals can grow to more than 20 feet long, weigh more than a ton and can live for nearly 400 years, making the species the longest-living vertebrate on the planeta fact that could help unlock secrets to enhancing longevity. And now, in a study published this week in Nature Communications, scientists dial in to one of the Greenland shark's more remarkable features: it has functioning eyes and, more remarkably, maintains its vision well into senescence.

On Mars, in the belly of a rover named Perseverance, a titanium tube holds a stone more precious than any diamond or ruby on Earth. The robot spotted it in 2024 along the banks of a Martian riverbed and zapped it with an ultraviolet laser. It contained ancient layers of mud, compressed into shale in the 3.5 billion years since the river last coursed across the red planet.

The National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act has been drafted and is expected to be introduced this week after struggling to gain traction in previous years following the original National Quantum Initiative's expiration in late 2023, two people familiar with the matter told Nextgov/FCW. Reintroduced by Sens. Maria Cantwell, D-Wash., and Todd Young, R-Ind., the new bill comes as quantum technology, particularly quantum computing, is expected to pose a significant threat to current cryptographic security schemes.

The animals do, however, have neuronsnerve cells that appear interconnected throughout their body. And now a new study shows that how these animals sleep is surprisingly similar to humans, suggesting that sleep may have evolved before even the most primitive brains. The findings, published on Tuesday in Nature Communications, also help answer one of science's prevailing mysteries: Why do animals sleep?

Lazuli's design features a 3.1-meter mirror, which would make it larger than NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (but smaller than the James Webb Space Telescope). It will also be equipped with a wide-field camera, a broadband integral-field spectrograph, and a coronagraph. Those instruments will be used to study everything from exoplanets to supernovae, but Schmidt Sciences also envisions Lazuli being used for "rapid response" purposes, such as quickly swiveling to gather data on objects spotted by other telescopes.

Researchers have found traces of what appears to be plant-derived poison on tiny stone arrowheads from South Africa dated to 60,000 years ago. The finding pushes back the origin of this revolutionary hunting technology by tens of thousands of years. Scientists have long been fascinated by the development of poisoned hunting weapons. For one thing, they would have seriously leveled up our ancestors' foraging game.

Để chống thấm nhà vệ sinh đạt hiệu quả bền lâu, việc lựa chọn vật liệu phù hợp là yếu tố then chốt. Tùy theo hiện trạng công trình, khu vực thi công và mức độ tiếp xúc nước thường xuyên, các vật liệu như chống thấm gốc xi măng cải tiến, màng chống thấm lỏng, keo polyurethane hoặc giải pháp chống thấm ngược sẽ mang lại hiệu quả khác nhau.

Bumps or grooves of a range of sizes - from the sub-micrometre scales of visible-light wavelengths up to millimetres - affect how a surface scatters light. This can make a material more or less dull, or change its colour when observed from different angles. Molluscs, such as octopuses and cuttlefish, use tiny muscles embedded in their skin to produce these effects for camouflage or communication.

The vascular system and the brain are examples of physical networks that differ from the networks typically studied in network science owing to the tangible nature of their nodes and links, which are made of material resources and constrain their layout. The importance of these material factors has been noted in many disciplines: as early as 1899, Ramón y Cajal suggested that we must consider the laws conserving the 'wire' volume to explain neuronal design8

To be a genius requires extraordinary intellect and talent, but also hard work and persistence. And although the mythology of genius can be problematic because it reduces the collective work that goes into developing scientific breakthroughs to extraordinary individual accomplishments, portrayals of genius in film and literature succeed in dazzling popular audiences.

When the battery starts discharging, the sulfur at the cathode starts losing electrons and forming sulfur tetrachloride (SCl 4), using chloride it stole from the electrolyte. As the electrons flow into the anode, they combine with the sodium, which plates onto the aluminum, forming a layer of sodium metal. Obviously, this wouldn't work with an aqueous electrolyte, given how powerfully sodium reacts with water.

Military weapons are designed to give commanders an advantage, but that advantage is rarely permanent. Systems that once multiplied combat power can become burdens as threats evolve, environments shift, and missions change.Some weapons begin to demand more protection, maintenance, or political consideration than the value they provide. Here, 24/7 Wall St. is taking a closer look at the weapons that became liability issues instead of force multipliers.

V1298 Tau is a young (10-30 Myr), approximately solar-mass star (1.10 ± 0.05  M⊙ ) in the Taurus star-forming region2,4,5,6,7,8. Observations by NASA's Kepler space telescope in its extended K2 mission9 revealed transits of the star by four different planets, each larger than Neptune2,3. The V1298 Tau planets occupy a sparsely populated region of the observed exoplanet period versus radius plane. As a young system of large planets, it provides a crucial snapshot of planetary architecture

A simple example of space-tuned cells is HD cells, which persistently fire when animals are facing a particular direction8. Because the head direction of an animal is typically not directly provided to the sensory system, HD cells need to integrate the history of rotational movements that animals make, a process called angular path integration. As a simple, yet biophysically plausible mechanism to implement angular path integration, a class of dynamical models called ring attractors has been proposed9.

Making poisoned arrows is about as hard as following a "complex cooking recipe", says study co-author Marlize Lombard, an archaeologist at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. "You have to add to it the danger of the poison, and planning to work with it without getting poisoned yourself, then you have to hunt and track the prey animal under difficult and dangerous conditions sometimes for a day or two."

New research published today in Nature dates the boneschipped out from a cave called Grotte a Hominides and nearby it over decadesto about 773,000 years ago, during the era of the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis and Denisovans (a group of humans that ranged across Asia and that does not have an agreed-upon species name). We can say that the shared ancestry between these three species is perhaps in Grotte a Hominides in Casablanca, says study co-author Abderrahim Mohib, a prehistorian at the National Institute of Archaeology and Heritage Sciences in Rabat, Morocco.

A virus that sickens marine mammals has been detected in Arctic waters for the first time. Scientists used drones armed with petri dishes to collect samples of blow - the air and mucus whales expel from their blowholes - from whales in northern Norway. The team identified cetacean morbillivirus in samples from humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae) and one sperm whale ( Physeter macrocephalus), though the humpbacks showed no symptoms of disease.

The RS-25 engine, by far the largest in L3Harris' portfolio and a former Rocketdyne product, is not part of the sale. The RS-25 was initially known as the Space Shuttle Main Engine and was designed for reusability. The expendable heavy-lift SLS rocket uses four of the engines, and NASA is burning through the 16 leftover shuttle-era RS-25 engines on the first four SLS flights for the agency's Artemis Moon program.

Tube trains of the future may soon know exactly where they are underground - even in places where GPS is blind - by tapping into the strange rules of the quantum world. Most modern tracking systems rely on satellites to pinpoint location, backed up by accelerometers that measure tiny movements between GPS updates. It works well enough above ground, but those accelerometers gradually drift, which is why they constantly need satellite corrections.