US mobility hits 50-year low, census data reveals

"Historically, the U.S. has led the world in geographic mobility, reflecting a cultural and economic drive to pursue better jobs, education and housing. In the 19th century, nearly one-third of Americans moved annually to improve their prospects. But over the past five decades, mobility has steadily declined, raising concerns about economic stagnation and reduced labor market flexibility. The sharp decline in geographical mobility is the single most important social change of the past half century, said Yoni Appelbaum, deputy executive editor"

"The homeownership rate, which stands at roughly 65% nationally compared with 45% in the early 20th century, provides stability that reduces the need to move, the Point2Homes report noted. Rising home prices and mortgage rates, combined with economic uncertainty, also discourage relocation. Meanwhile, the increase in remote work following the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed many workers to remain in place while continuing their careers, further lowering mobility."

"Mobility patterns vary by state. New Jersey and New York had the lowest moving rates in 2024, with fewer than 10% of residents doing so. Conversely, Alaska led the nation at 14%, followed by Oklahoma, Colorado, North Dakota, Idaho and Nevada at approximately 13% each. Many moves involve significant relocation as about 20% of movers crossed state lines, and more than 71% moved to a different city."

Historically, the United States led global geographic mobility, with nearly one-third of Americans moving annually in the 19th century. Mobility has declined steadily over the past five decades, contributing to concerns about economic stagnation and reduced labor market flexibility. Fewer Americans have started new businesses, fewer have switched jobs, and more are ending up worse off than their parents. Higher homeownership—about 65% nationally versus 45% in the early 20th century—provides stability that reduces moving. Rising home prices, higher mortgage rates, economic uncertainty, and increased remote work after the COVID-19 pandemic have further discouraged relocation. State mobility varies widely, and many moves cross city or state lines.

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