Double circle of density preferences among teleworkers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo

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Telework adoption increased sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic and shows substantial regional and occupational variation. Evidence evaluates telecommuting effectiveness, hybrid work futures, and effects on work–life balance and labor markets. Home-based work raises urban planning challenges and alters central business district demand. Housing preferences have shifted, and telework adoption links to residential relocation in multiple countries, with potential implications for urban sprawl and residential dissonance. Policy and planning responses must address infrastructure, equitable access to telework, and occupational differences to manage spatial and labor-market consequences of sustained remote and hybrid arrangements.

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