Later school start times provide many sleep and health benefits. Early evidence found students slept longer, experienced less daytime sleepiness, and reported better moods at school. Initial studies numbered six, three conducted in the U.S., with ethnicity unreported in one study and ethnicity differences unanalyzed in two others. A large nationwide sample of 3,522 early adolescents (average age about 12) showed later start times were beneficial only for students identifying as White; those students had longer weekday and weekend sleep, later sleep onset, and later wake times. Associations were weaker for Latinx students and absent for Black, Asian, Pacific Islander, and Multiracial students.
Early studies showed that students were sleeping longer and reporting less daytime sleepiness and better moods at school. When the first systematic review was published (Minges & Redeker, 2016), six studies were identified, three of which were conducted in the U.S. Ethnicity was neither reported nor analyzed in one of the studies, and reported ethnicity differences were not analyzed in the other two.
In a nationwide sample of 3,522 early adolescents (average age around 12), later start times were beneficial, but only for students identifying as White. Those students had longer weekday and weekend sleep, later sleep onset at night, and later wake-up in the morning. The associations were weaker in those identifying as Latinx and nonexistent for students with other racial identities (Black, Asian, Pacific Islander, Multiracial).
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