Scientists are grappling with unprecedented heat records in 2023, questioning the influence of various climate factors like cloud cover and shipping emissions.
Despite expected influences like global warming and El Nino, last year's heat was exceptional, as observed by climate scientist Robert Rohde from UC Berkeley.
The absence of clouds last year was noteworthy; low cloud coverage allowed more solar energy to be absorbed by Earth, contributing to the heating.
Regulations to reduce ship pollution since 2020 have significantly cut sulfate aerosols, which normally help cool the planet, thus possibly exacerbating global warming.
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