ITLOS ruled UN Law of the Sea signatories must prevent marine pollution, including greenhouse gas emissions, affecting oceans.
Small island nations, like Antigua and Barbuda, are fighting for survival due to major polluters' greenhouse gas emissions, demanding international law compliance.
Tribunal's decision extends 1994 Law of the Sea convention to recognize harm from atmospheric emissions, stating states must act to prevent irreversible damage.
Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change sees the ruling as a significant legal victory in the fight against climate change impacts on oceans.
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