The holders of patents on the CRISPR-Cas9 system have rights over discoveries made with it, because their invention makes those discoveries possible. This means Indian researchers can use CRISPR for academic purposes, but cannot commercialize resulting scientific breakthroughs, limiting the practical application of their work in agriculture, which is problematic given the region's need for resilient crops.
Producing transgenic crops such as Bt cotton involves incorporating foreign DNA into a crop's genome to induce desired traits. Despite the extensive research conducted on transgenic crops in the 2000s, the inability to commercialize these innovations due to Monsanto's patent on the Bt gene meant that Indian farmers could not benefit from this technology, severely restricting agricultural development.
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