Researchers studied crowd behaviors during the Feast of San Fermín in Pamplona, Spain, discovering that when crowd density exceeds four people per square meter, people begin to move in swirling vortex patterns. At maximum density, up to nine individuals per square meter, these vortices can carry hundreds, completing a rotation every 18 seconds. The study emphasizes how human movement is influenced by crowd density. Additionally, insights about nomadic tribes and sea turtle behaviors provide context about genetic histories and migrations in ancient cultures, revealing patterns in both human and animal movements that reflect complex societal interactions.
In densely-packed crowds, as people cluster, they form 'vortex' patterns where individuals rotate together in response to critical density levels within the crowd.
Researchers studying the Feast of San Fermín celebrations in Pamplona observed that crowds begin swirling into vortices when exceeding a density of four people per square metre.
Territory of the Yamnaya tribe has been identified as pivotal in developing the culture and genetics of Europe and Asia, influencing the Indo-European language family's origins.
Tracking data demonstrates that sea turtles actively swim during their enigmatic 'lost years' rather than passively drifting with ocean currents.
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