Carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily released from burning fossil fuels and cement production, is the biggest contributor to global warming, trapping heat in the atmosphere.
Although nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is present in lower quantities than CO2, it is significantly more effective at trapping heat, being 200 to 300 times more potent.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) contributes to air pollution and can lead to acid rain as it reacts with other atmospheric elements, highlighting the environmental hazards of fossil fuel combustion.
Particulate matter (PM), composed of solids and liquid materials, poses significant health risks and its measurement in micrometres is critical for understanding air quality.
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