Building a nuclear weapon requires experts in nuclear physics, precision engineering, access to radioactive elements, and the ability to enrich and concentrate the fuel sufficiently to reach critical mass.
Dozens of major industrial countries of the world could achieve nuclear weapons status if they wished to, but the political negatives often far outweigh the positives.
Nuclear weapons can win a war decisively and quickly against a non-nuclear power. Against another nuclear power, it's sketchy due to the risk of a counter-strike.
A nuclear weapons program requires a substantial financial investment that many countries would rather put toward other things, opting instead for alliances with nuclear powers.
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