Ethereum operates on a peer-to-peer network where nodes communicate via a networking layer, consisting of execution and consensus clients tailored for transaction handling.
Two main protocol stacks support the Ethereum execution layer: the Discovery Stack for connecting new nodes and the DevP2P Stack for efficient information exchange.
Bootnodes are critical for new nodes joining the Ethereum network, providing essential peer lists while maintaining efficient discovery and communication processes.
This dual-layer architecture allows Ethereum to maintain smooth, secure communication across its distributed network, encouraging both decentralization and efficient operation.
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