"The European Commission said in December it had opened an antitrust probe into whether Alphabet's Google was breaching EU competition rules in its use of online content from web publishers and YouTube for artificial intelligence purposes. The Commission hit Google with a 2.95-billion-euro ($3.46 billion) antitrust fine on September 5 for anti-competitive practices in its adtech business. In September 2024, Google won its challenge against a 1.49-billion-euro antitrust fine imposed for hindering rivals in online search advertising."
"Germany's cartel office has prohibited Amazon from imposing price caps on online retailers in its German marketplace and for the first time claimed several million euros that it said the U.S. company had obtained through anti-competitive behaviour. The European Union's General Court dismissed in November a request by Amazon to scrap its designation as a platform subject to stricter requirements under EU online content rules."
European regulators initiated numerous antitrust investigations and enforcement actions targeting major technology firms. The European Commission opened a probe into whether Alphabet's Google used web publishers' and YouTube content for artificial intelligence in breach of EU rules, and previously fined Google billions for adtech and shopping practices while outcomes in related cases have varied. Britain's and France's regulators also took action against Google. Germany's cartel office restricted Amazon's ability to set price caps and sought repayment for alleged anti-competitive gains, while the EU General Court upheld stricter platform designations. Italy fined Apple over alleged mobile app market abuses.
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