Depression manifests through persistent sadness, energy depletion, anhedonia, and dysfunction in eating and sleeping. It encompasses two primary types: introjective depression, driven by self-criticism and guilt, and anaclitic depression, defined by sensitivity to rejection, emptiness, and shame. Both types associate with feelings of loss, often linked to childhood experiences such as bereavement, parental emotional detachment, or trauma. Psychoanalysis reveals that adults connect their current depressive states to these early life events, suggesting they may influence therapeutic progress by uncovering underlying guilt or shame.
"Introjective or melancholic depression is characterized by self-criticism, self-punitiveness, and guilt. Anaclitic depression is characterized by sensitivity to rejection, emptiness, inadequacy, and shame."
"Progress in therapy with depressive people may involve making evident and reducing the grip of guilt or shame."
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