React, a JavaScript library, is widely used for web applications but can create mobile, desktop apps, images, PDFs, terminal apps, etc. Its component model's success led others to adopt similar approaches.
React's core building block is elements, represented as a 'UI descriptor' to generate native UI. React DOM converts these descriptors to browser-understandable DOM nodes, allowing portability across environments.
JSX, a syntax addition to JavaScript, enhances the creation of elements in React, providing a more user-friendly alternative to the createElement API. Compiling code is necessary for using JSX, ideally done outside the browser.
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