Inheritance is a mechanism where a new class inherits properties and behaviors from an existing class, established through an "is-a" relationship.
In Java, inheritance is implemented using the extends keyword, allowing subclasses to inherit non-private fields and methods from superclasses.
Composition creates complex types by combining objects of other types, characterized by a "has-a" relationship, promoting flexibility and reducing class dependency.
In composition, classes are built from instances of other classes, avoiding the rigidity and potential pitfalls associated with class inheritance.
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