Choosing the Best Dictionary in C++. Part 2: Unordered Containers | HackerNoon
Briefly

Unordered containers in C++23, implemented as hash maps, do not maintain key order, meaning their structure can change with each modification, unlike ordered containers.
Hash maps achieve an amortized time complexity of O(1) for search, insertion, and removal operations, however, when capacity is reached, rehashing incurs a time complexity of O(n).
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