Exception propagation in Java allows exceptions to signal failures from deeper within the call stack, enabling centralized handling at the main method or another appropriate location.
When a method throws an exception, the JVM searches for a catch block in the current context, continuing up the call stack until it finds a handler or terminates.
Propagation informs how errors travel up the call stack, while handling denotes how those errors are resolved when they reach the designated catch blocks.
In programming, distinguishing between checked and unchecked exceptions is crucial; checked exceptions force handling, while unchecked exceptions can be left to propagate unchecked.
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