Errors are critical issues beyond application control, generally not caught by programs, while exceptions are manageable conditions expected to be handled within the code.
A StackOverflowError occurs when an application exhausts stack space, often due to infinite recursion, indicating a severe underlying problem in the execution.
Exceptions such as IOException and NullPointerException can be anticipated and caught, allowing applications to handle these conditions gracefully without abrupt termination.
In Java, the ability to handle exceptions provides robustness in applications, enabling developers to address foreseeable issues and improve user experience.
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