The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work is examined in this case. The copies used for training specific LLMs do not displace demand for the Authors' works, as training does not produce exact copies or infringing knockoffs available to the public. The Authors speculate that LLMs will create a surge of competing works, but such displacement differs from concerns about actual market substitution. The current situation remains distinct from legitimate fears surrounding direct competition with their original works.
The copies used to train specific LLMs did not and will not displace demand for copies of Authors' works, or not in the way that counts under the Copyright Act.
Authors contend generically that training LLMs will result in an explosion of works competing with their works, but training schoolchildren to write well would similarly result in competing works.
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