OpenVPN is Open to VPN Fingerprinting: Acknowledgement and References | HackerNoon
Briefly

The research delves into sophisticated methods of VPN detection, detailing the complexities and methodologies used in real-world scenarios to identify and mitigate VPN traffic.
Through analyzing various fingerprinting techniques such as opcode-based and ACK-based methods, this study emphasizes their effectiveness in distinguishing VPN usage amidst challenging environments.
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