The Forsa Ring inscription now indicates that fines could be paid flexibly, allowing offenders to choose between an ox or silver, simplifying the process.
Previously interpreted as requiring both an ox and silver, the new reading clarifies that Vikings managed financial penalties in a much more practical manner.
Rodney Edvinsson's analysis alters the understanding of Viking monetary practices, providing insights into their flexible approach to handling fines through choice.
The inscription on the Forsa Ring is now seen as the oldest record of value in Scandinavia, highlighting advanced economic practices in the Viking Age.
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